My slide presentation OEH

OEH Euskaltzaindia (Slideshare)Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia

Euskaltzaindiak, euskal hizkuntzaz arduratzen den erakunde ofizialak,  egin duen lanik handienetakoa da Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia OEH. Hiztegigintza arloan erreferentea da. Bertan euskalki ezberdinetan idatzi diren hitzak jaso dira eta hiztegi historikoa da euskal hizkuntzan idatzi diren testuetatik hartutako adibideak daude eta. Berez, hamasei aleko hiztegia zabala da baina interneten aurki dezakegu denon eskuragarri.Honen helburua euskal hizkuntzaren tradizio idatzian gorde diren hitzak jasotzea da, euskalki guztiak aintzakotzat hartuz.

Izan ere, hiztegi deskribatzailea da, hau da, hitzak nola erabili izan diren erakusten duena da. Historian zehar egin dira hiztegi deskribatzaileak idazteko saiakerak. Gehien hurbildu izan zena Azkue izan zen bere hiztegi vasco-español-frances-arekin baina bazuen hiztegi honek ezaugarri guztiak betetzen ez zituenik. Azkuek herritarren hizkuntza mintzatuari eman zion garrantzia eta hitz asko ez zituen jaso. Horrela, 1950.urtean oraindik ez zegoen euskal hiztegi deskribatzaile egokirik eta orduan Euskaltzaindiak Koldo Mitxelena euskal hizkuntzalariari eskatu zion Azkueren hiztegia osa zezan, hots, edizio gaurkotua eta osatua eratzeko ardura eman zion. Hala egin zuen berak nahiz eta ez zuen hiztegi osoa berak bukatu, Ibon Sarasolak amaitu zuen azkenean.

Orotariko Euskal Hiztegiaren Corpusa

Arestian aipatu den legez, hiztegi honen helburua toki eta garai guztietako euskal hitzen ondarea azaltzea da. Erdi Aroko testuetatik hasita XVIII.mende erdirarte argitaratutako hitzak hartuz. Gaur egun euskara idatziaren oso erreferentzia osatua da OHE. Corpus hau sei milloi hitzek osatzen dute.

Edukia

Hiztegiaren sarreran informazio ezberdinak ageri dira, hala nola, sarreraburua, euskalkiei buruzko informazioa, adierak, tradizioa, adibideak, forma konposatuak eta esamoldeak eta azkenik, etimologiari buruzko informazioa.

Hona hemen hiztegi honetan aurki genitzakeen hitzen adibide batzuk: laiotz eta txikot izenen adibideak.

laiotz
- LAIOTZ-ALDE

laiotz

laiotz

1 laiotz (V-gip, G), lañotz (V-gip). Ref.: A; AEF 1955, 71; Arin AEF 1960, 74; Iz UrrAnz, ArOñ; JMB At; Gte Erd 87.

(Sust. y adj.). Lugar sombrío; sombrío. “Paraje sombrío” A. “El lugar no soleado” Iz UrrAnz. “Lado norte de un monte, en oposición a egutera que es el lado sur” JMB At. “Etxea laiotzean dago (G-azp), etxe laiotza da (G-azp)” Gte Erd 87. Cf. JMB AEF 1928, 75 (en una lista de topónimos de Ataun): “Layube (= debajo del lugar sombrío) (1808)”. v. ainube. Egutera, gibeltza, laiotza. Izt C 234 (en una lista de nombres de tierra y productos de agricultura). Aiñube edo toki laiotzean dagozan gauzaak. A BGuzur 151. Basarri-etxeak [...] batzuk egutera ederrean; besteak laiotz añubean. EEs 1929, 49. Eguzkiak io bageko alde laiotzean. Zait Plat 38 (v. tbn. 54). Nola eguzkiak berotzen ditu / munduko toki laiotzak. And Auspoa 52-53, 191. Mendi-tontorrak elurrez zuri, / atai-aldean laiotza. NEtx LBB 368. [Erronkariko oxezki hitzak] ez du [...] esan nahi, “laiotza” baizik. MIH 345. Laiotz-izotza baño ez / emen, errekalde ontan… SMitx Arraun 135. Jainko-iguzkiak giza-laiotza / mezerdiz argituz gero [...]. SMitx Aranz 175. Nire baitako laiotzean azterkari. SMitx Arraun 117. Mikenaiko lurralde osoa laiotzean yarri zun. ‘Se había ensombrecido’. Zait Sof 23.

txikot
- TXIKOTEAN

txikotu

txikot (V, G-bet), txikote (AN-gip). Ref.: A (txikote, txikot); Holmer ApuntV.

1. Soga, cuerda. Cf. Echaide Orio 112: “Chicota, cuerda, soga. Del guip. txikot. En cast. chicote se emplea en náutica como punta o pedazo de cuerda. Ésta y otras acepciones se dan a lo largo de la costa atlántica de la Península (Corominas)”. Argi irukotx bi isio ta iza ebazan gero zokondoko txikotakaz. A BeinB 66. Txikotaz edo idi-zillaz gorputza odolduten. Ib. 81. Zulatu bear eben ontzia urertzean txikotak arin ebaten ezpazirean. Echta Jos 203. Karelak zatittu ontziaren aldemenean, txikotak urratu ta galdu zan oso batela. Ib. 139. Teinkaka zeukaten beren laneko txikota. Inzag RIEV 1923, 503. Artu Bertolda gudarijen artian eta txikotez besubetatik lotuta baso andi batera eruan eben. Otx 91. Kokotian txikotaz marapilo bat egin eta eskegi egingo nindukie. Ib. 77. Arako txikot intziriti arek Amaren estalkia jaso eta distiraz betea agertzean. Erkiag Arran 173. Ontzi sabel aundia. Gizonak gañean korrika. “Erria txikota!”. Anab Poli 37. Biak ekarren idiskoa lotuta, txikot bigaz. Erkiag BatB 51. Zafatu doguz txikotak. Asi gara barkua desatraketan. Berriat Bermeo 387.

2. txikote (V-gip ap. Elexp Berg). “Ganaduak ostikoka egin ez zezan hanka lotzeko erabiltzen zen tresna. Uztau bat bere ziriarekin. Txikotia esaten jakon, ganauai ankia jaso, ola sartzen jakon, da amen ziri bat, aurreko ankia doblauta, ostikaka eiñ eztaixen” Elexp Berg.

Iturriak:

• Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia. (2010eko apirilak 12). In hiru.com Entziklopedia. Retrieved 10:28, April 12, 2010, from //www.hiru.com/euskara/euskara_03850.html

• Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia OEH. (2010eko apirilak 12). In hiru.com Entziklopedia. Retrieved 10:28, April 12, 2010, from http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/erakundea

• Euskaltzaindia.(2010eko apirilak 12). In hiru.com Entziklopedia. Retrieved 10:28, April 12, 2010, from http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/

My slide presentation: OED

 

MT: Google Translator

Google Translate is a service provided by Google Inc  to translate a section of text, or a webpage, into another language. The service limits the number of paragraphs, or range of technical terms, that will be translated. It is also possible to enter searches in a source language that are first translated to a destination language allowing you to browse and interpret results from the selected destination language in the source language.

Google Translate, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. While it can help the reader to understand the general content of a foreign language text, it does not always deliver accurate translations. Some languages produce better results than others.

Text 1

Mississippi tornado kills 10

Thousands left without power as state governor describes scenes of ‘utter obliteration’

A deadly tornado swept through the US state of Mississippi yesterday, killing at least 10 people including three children.

The state governor, Haley Barbour, described scenes of “utter obliteration” after the high winds tore roofs off buildings and flipped cars. Thousands of people were without electricity, and downed power lines and trees blocked roads.

Tornadoes were also reported in Louisiana, Arkansas and Alabama, and the severe weather continued to move north-east today as winds tore down trees in Georgia.

Essie Hendrix, manager of the Peebles department store in hard-hit Yazoo City, Mississippi, said she and other employees were inside with about 15 customers when the tornado struck.

“It was like a rumbling and a roaring and stuff was falling,” she said. “It sounded like it was going to suck us out of there. It lasted about two minutes, but it felt like it lasted an hour.” No one in the store was injured.

In Choctaw County, the victims included children aged three months, nine and 14. Authorities were going house-to-house in areas with the worst damage to check for any injured.

Jim Pollard, a spokesman for the American Medical Response ambulance service, said four patients from Yazoo County were airlifted and around 20 others were taken to hospitals. At least four people were in critical condition.

MT

Mississippi tornado mata a 10

Miles quedaron sin electricidad como gobernador del estado se describen escenas de la “destrucción total”
Un tornado mortal se extendió por el estado de Mississippi EE.UU. ayer, matando al menos a 10 personas, entre ellas tres niños.
El gobernador del estado, Haley Barbour, describieron escenas de “destrucción total” después de los fuertes vientos arrancaron techos de edificios y volcó automóviles. Miles de personas se quedaron sin electricidad, y derribó líneas eléctricas y árboles bloquearon las carreteras.
Los tornados fueron reportados en Luisiana, Arkansas y Alabama, y el mal tiempo continuó moviéndose al noreste de hoy cuando los vientos derribaron árboles en Georgia.
Essie Hendrix, gerente de la tienda por departamentos en Peebles más afectadas Yazoo City, Mississippi, dijo que ella y otros empleados estaban en el interior con unos 15 clientes cuando el tornado golpeó.
“Fue como un rugido y un estruendo y cosas estaba cayendo”, dijo. “Sonó como si nos iba a chupar de allí. Duró unos dos minutos, pero se sentía como que duró una hora.” Nadie en la tienda resultó herido.
En el condado de Choctaw, entre las víctimas había niños de tres meses, nueve y 14. Las autoridades iban de casa en casa en las zonas con los peores daños a comprobar que no existen heridos.
Jim Pollard, un portavoz del servicio de ambulancias American Medical Response, dijo que cuatro pacientes del condado de Yazoo fueron transportados en avión y alrededor de otras 20 personas fueron llevadas a hospitales. Al menos cuatro personas se encontraban en estado crítico.

Text 2

Las 22 gafas de sol que desearás esta temporada

Las gafas de sol son uno de los accesorios clave del verano, no sólo desde el punto de vista estrictamente práctico, que también, sino por el componente estético que las marcas se esfuerzan en acentuar en cada colección.

Esta temporada, al fin podemos afirmar que ha acabado la poco elegante tendencia de estampar los maxilogos para dejar paso a una silueta retro, con lentes bastante grandes y patillas estrechas que destilan elegancia y feminidad. Las gafas se han convertido en un objeto que se colecciona, de ahí que las firmas tiendan a apostar por la atemporalidad como base de las líneas maestras de sus colecciones.

Para que no te pierdas entre la amplísima oferta que empieza a atestar las tiendas, hemos hecho el trabajo de selección y aquí está el resultado: 22 gafas bellas, prácticas, elegantes pero con un twist para que este verano todas las miradas se depositen en ti.Las gafas de sol son uno de los accesorios clave del verano, no sólo desde el punto de vista estrictamente práctico, que también, sino por el componente estético que las marcas se esfuerzan en acentuar en cada colección.

Esta temporada, al fin podemos afirmar que ha acabado la poco elegante tendencia de estampar los maxilogos para dejar paso a una silueta retro, con lentes bastante grandes y patillas estrechas que destilan elegancia y feminidad. Las gafas se han convertido en un objeto que se colecciona, de ahí que las firmas tiendan a apostar por la atemporalidad como base de las líneas maestras de sus colecciones.

Para que no te pierdas entre la amplísima oferta que empieza a atestar las tiendas, hemos hecho el trabajo de selección y aquí está el resultado: 22 gafas bellas, prácticas, elegantes pero con un twist para que este verano todas las miradas se depositen en ti.

MT

The 22 sunglasses you’ll want this season

Sunglasses are a key accessory of the summer, not only from a strictly practical point of view, also, but for the aesthetic component brands strive to emphasize in each collection.

This season, we can finally claim to have finished the nifty little stamp the maxilogos tendency to make way for a retro silhouette, with fairly large lenses and pin narrow exude elegance and femininity. The glasses have become an object that collects, which is why firms tend to opt for the timeless as the basis for the broad lines of their collections.

For you do not miss from a vast range begins to crowd the stores, we made the selection work and here is the result: 22 glasses beautiful, practical, elegant but with a twist to this summer, all eyes are placed in you .

Text 3

Beautiful blood orange beverage

Blood oranges have their own perfumed unique flavour alongside their striking, vivid, scarlet interiors. There is something endlessly charming about the fact each one is different in shade and intensity; some are coloured with just the faintest shade of pastel peach while others are shot through with the deepest of sanguine crimsons.

Some of you may remember a recipe I did a while back on my own blog for a Clementine cosmopolitan – the short, punchy fresh drink is one of my favourites and perfectly set up for little twists and plays depending on what you’ve got in the fridge or what’s in season.

I was cooking dinner for a blood orange fanatic so it seemed only fitting to incorporate them somehow and this blood orange cosmopolitan made a deliciously, tasty and stylish tipple.

MT

Hermosa sangre de bebidas de naranja

Naranjas de sangre tienen su propio sabor único al lado de sus perfumados sorprendente, los interiores vividos, escarlata. Hay algo infinitamente encantadora sobre el hecho de que cada uno es diferente en la sombra y la intensidad, algunos son de color con tan sólo la más mínima sombra de melocotón pastel mientras que otras son atravesadas por el más profundo de carmines sanguíneo.

Algunos de ustedes pueden recordar una receta que hice hace un tiempo en mi propio blog para un cosmopolita Clementine – el trago corto, frescos pegada es uno de mis favoritos y perfectamente establecido para giros poco y juega en función de lo que tienes en el nevera o lo que está en temporada.

Yo estaba cocinando la cena para un fanático de naranja de sangre por lo que muy apropiado para incorporarlos de alguna manera y esta cosmopolita de naranja sanguina hizo una deliciosa, bebida sabrosa y elegante.

MAIN MISTAKES MADE BY MT:

MT usually makes mistakes when it translates two different languages. So, it is always necessary to supervise the work by a person. In these cases, the common mistakes are the following ones:

• Pronouns and articles: This might be due to the differences in rules between both languages. Spanish needs articles, but as English does not have articles, the translator would sometimes not use them. 
• Verb tenses: Many times, MTs have problems when dealing with a verb tense. It mistakes the imperfect with the past perfect; the conditionals, the subjunctive, the active or passive form, etc. 
• Abbreviation: It is important to change the abbreviation for the readers to understand.
• Reference and Gender: It cannot translate words with the correct gender or number because in English both nouns and adjectives do not have gender nor number inflexion. 
• Word meanings: There are many problems with the lexicon. When a word has more than one meaning, it cannot choose the correct one taking into account the context. That is the work of the translator, to decide between the many meanings the one that fits best.
• More mistakes could be mentioned: word order, punctuation, cultural items transmission, expressions, etc.

Sources:

• Wikipedia, La Enciclopedia Libre from http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate
• Traductor Google from http://translate.google.es/#
• The Guardian, the world’s leading liberal voice from http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/25/mississippi-tornado-deaths
• Revista Vogue from http://www.vogue.es/articulos/sun-glasses/5311
• Hello Magazine from http://blogs.hellomagazine.com/culinaryblog/2010/04/a-beautiful-blood-orange-beverage.html

Dictionary Review

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED), published by the Oxford University Press, is a comprehensive dictionary of the English language.

In the same way, it leads to a complete and definite explanation of its syntax and grammar to the same 30th of November 2005, it includes about 301, 000 main entries, over 350 million characters. In addition to the main entries, it contains 157,000 combinations and derivatives in bold type, and 169,000 phrases and combinations in bold italic, for a total of 616, 500 expressions. there are 137, 000 pronunciations, 249,000 etymologies, 557,000 cross-references, and 2,412,400 illustrative quotations.

The intention of the work is to collect all known uses and variants of each word in all varieties of English around the world, past and present, and their etymology, history, pronunciation, etc. It is the starting point of many studies on the English language, and the order in which different spellings of the words are listed there, have much influence on written English in many countries.

The third edition presents over 260,000 entries and over 450,000 translated senses. The bilingual introduction is a very important part of the dictionary, for it contains a Guide to the use of the Dictionary with a long sketch of the entries, notes on the pronunciation, translations and collocators, phrases and cross-references.

I would like to give some examples of what the online dictionary can offer to all users:

 Verb

1. follow

  Noun

1.link

Preposition

1.between

Adjective

1. great

 

As we can see, firstly, we can find all the results related to the word that the user wants. Besides, categories helps the user to find easier his search.

 

 

Sources:

• Wikipedia, La Enciclopedia Libre: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary
• AskOxford, Free online dictionary resources from Oxford University Press: http://www.askoxford.com/?view=uk

American National Corpus Review

The American National Corpus (ANC) is more or less like the British one, both work in a very similar way.

American National Corpus (ANC) project creates a huge electronic collection of American English,that include texts of all types of genres and transcripts of spoken American English from 1990 to the actual date. Anyone can contribute to the system adding text and transcripts. The American National Corpus is created to provide a more comprehensive picture of the American English, and to serve as a resource for students, linguistic and lexicographic research, and technology development.

It  is a text corpus of American English currently containing 22 million words written and spoken data produced since 1990. The ANC includes a range of genres comparable to the British National Corpus and is annotated for part of speech and lemma, shallow parse, and named entities. The ANC will contain a core corpus of at least 100 million words, including both written and spoken data comparable across genres to the BNC.

Its First Release was published in 2003, which includes over 11 million words. Nevertheless, it is not a balanced corpus. The Second Release  contains over 22,000,000 words with annotated for lemma, part of speech, noun and verb chunks.

Randi Reppen, professor at the University of Arizona, is the project manager. he is helped by a group of nine advisors and a Steering Committee.The Technical Director is Nancy Ide and the Research Associate is Keith Suderman.

Source:

• ANC. American National Corpus (2002-2009) from http://www.anc.org/index.html
• Wikipedia, La Enciclopedia libre from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Corpus

My Slideshare: The OED

The Oxford English Dictionary is an unsurpassed guide to the meaning, history, and pronunciation of over half a million words, both present and past.

It traces the usage of words through 2.5 million quotations from a wide range of international English language sources, from classic literature and specialist periodicals to film scripts and cookery books.

The OED is a historical dictionary that covers words from across the English-speaking world, from North America to South Africa, from Australia and New Zealand to the Caribbean. It also offers the best in etymological analysis and in listing of variant spellings, and it shows pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet.

History

When the members of the Philological Society of London decided, in 1857, that existing English language dictionaries were incomplete and deficient, and called for a complete re-examination of the language from Anglo-Saxon times onward, they knew they were embarking on an ambitious project. However, even they didn’t realize the full extent of the work they initiated, or how long it would take to achieve the final result.

The project proceeded slowly after the Society’s first grand statement of purpose. Eventually, in 1879, the Society made an agreement with the Oxford University Press and James A. H. Murray to begin work on a New English Dictionary

The new dictionary was planned as a four-volume, 6,400-page work that would include all English language vocabulary from the Early Middle English period onward, plus some earlier words if they had continued to be used into Middle English.

Murray and his team did manage to publish the first part in 1884, but much more comprehensive work was required so over the next four decades work on the Dictionary continued and new editors joined the project. Murray now had a large team directed by himself, Henry Bradley, W.A. Craigie, and C.T. Onions. These men worked steadily, producing fascicle after fascicle until finally, in April, 1928, the last volume was published.

Structure

It is very different from that of a dictionary of current English, in which only present-day senses are covered, and in which the most common meanings or senses are described first. For each word in the OED, the various groupings of senses are dealt with in chronological order according to the quotation evidence. In a complex entry with many strands, the development over time can be seen in a structure with several ‘branches’.

Modern Era

In 1992 the Oxford English Dictionary again made history when a CD-ROM edition of the work was published. Suddenly a massive, twenty-volume work that takes up four feet of shelf space and weighs 150 pounds is reduced to a slim, shiny disk that takes up virtually no space and weighs just a few ounces.

The Oxford English Dictionary on CD-ROM has been a great success. The electronic format has revolutionized the way people use the Dictionary to search and retrieve information. Complex investigations into word origins or quotations that would have been impossible to conduct using the print edition now take only a few seconds. Because the electronic format makes the Oxford English Dictionary so easy to use, its audience now embraces all kinds of interested readers beyond the confines of the scholarly community.

Using OED:

The OED alows you to findthe word or phrase you need in the full text of the dictionary, or in selected areas sch as quotations or etymolgies.

1. To loo up a word or phrase, simply type into the box, hit return or click the magnifying glass.You can use wildcards in all searches.
2. Entry Version, gives the version and publication date of the entry. A button links to an earlier version of the entry when available.
3. Full Text Search:Type a word or phrase into the box to find it in the full text of the Dictionary,or in a selected area from the drop-down list.
4. More Options: Search for two words or phrases occurring near each other.
5. List by Entry
6. List by Date

Entry Versions & Fast Searching

OED Online enables you to see how an entry has changed over time.

A unique feature of OED Online is the ability to see what both of these different texts said about a word, and to compare them at the click of a button.

Every entry is labelled with date of publication and a description of which text it is from, so that its status can be clearly seen.

In the case of those entries which have already been revised and had new research incorporated, a ‘Revised draft’ version will be available. These draft entries have not been previously published, and may be altered in the future if further relevant material comes to light.

To help you look up the words you want, the site offers several different ways to search.

The most straightforward is the simple Find Word search, available at the top right-hand corner of every page. This restricts the search to the defined words and phrases.

Simply enter the word you’re looking for, click Find Word, and the entry will be displayed if there is a single match, or a results list will be displayed if there is more than one match.

Specific Search & Phrase Search

To search for references to the word ‘ghost’ in the titles of quoted works, enter ‘ghost’ into the search box, select ‘quotation work’ from the pull-down list, and click Start Search.

This produces the following results list from the Second Edition, which includes links to the entries containing the quotations, as well as direct links into the body of the quotations themselves, surrounded by a little context to show where the word ‘ghost’ has been found.

Just as with the Find Word facility, where you could enter a word, phrase, or pattern with wildcards, so you may also search anywhere in the different text areas or in the whole Dictionary text for occurrences of a phrase which interests you.

So to find variations on phrases such as mad as a hatter or mad as a March hare, type ‘mad as a’ in the first search box, using ‘full text’ as the selected area, to see how inventively this formula has been used.

As usual, the results list appears:

SOURCES:

Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved : 15 march, 2010, 21:11 from http://www.oed.com/about/

Oxford English Dictionary.  Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia.  Retrieved: 15 march, 2010, 21:30 from http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary

Oxford English dictionaries Online (OLDO). Retrieved: 1o may, 2010, 19:47 from http://www.wordreference.com/english/OLDO-es.aspx

The Concise Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus. Retrieved: 10 may, 2010, 19:50 from http://www.babylon.com/dictionary/oxford/?id=227&tree=5&level=3